3 research outputs found

    On the determination of cusp points of 3-R\underline{P}R parallel manipulators

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    This paper investigates the cuspidal configurations of 3-RPR parallel manipulators that may appear on their singular surfaces in the joint space. Cusp points play an important role in the kinematic behavior of parallel manipulators since they make possible a non-singular change of assembly mode. In previous works, the cusp points were calculated in sections of the joint space by solving a 24th-degree polynomial without any proof that this polynomial was the only one that gives all solutions. The purpose of this study is to propose a rigorous methodology to determine the cusp points of 3-R\underline{P}R manipulators and to certify that all cusp points are found. This methodology uses the notion of discriminant varieties and resorts to Gr\"obner bases for the solutions of systems of equations

    Les francophones face Ă  leur langue

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    Cette contribution tente de porter au jour certains aspects, au plan des reprĂ©sentations, du paysage linguistique de la RĂ©publique du Niger qui connaĂźt une situation de diglossie vĂ©hiculaire opposant le français, variĂ©tĂ© « haute », au hausa et zarma, variĂ©tĂ©s « basses ». D’une enquĂȘte fondĂ©e sur un Ă©chantillon de plus de 3 800 rĂ©pondants appartenant Ă  l’une des cinq communautĂ©s linguistiques dominantes, des indicateurs ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©gagĂ©s afin de cerner l’image que les NigĂ©riens se font du français, unique langue officielle Ă  cĂŽtĂ© d’une sĂ©rie de langues locales au poids trĂšs variable. Pays officiellement francophone, peu visitĂ© par les spĂ©cialistes, le Niger trouve ici l’un des premiers comptes rendus Ă  portĂ©e gĂ©nĂ©rale concernant sa rĂ©alitĂ© sociolinguistique.The French-Speaking Peoples and their Languages: The Case of the Nigeriens. – Among the attitudes domain, this paper attempts to bring some features of the linguistic landscape of the Niger Republic to light, characterized by a situation of vehicular diglossy opposing French, “high” variety, to Hausa and Zarma, “low” varieties. From an enquiry based on a sample of more than 3,800 individuals, all of them belonging to one of the five major linguistic communities, indicators were selected in order to understand the Nigeriens’ linguistic image about French, one and only official language, next to several local languages which importance varies a lot. Officially French-speaking country and not so studied by specialists, Niger finds here one of first wide-ranged reports about the national sociolinguistic reality

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    La linguistique se suffit Ă  elle-mĂȘme? Cette perspective autocentrĂ©e, faisant du langage un tout en soi, indĂ©pendant et homogĂšne, est ici contestĂ©e. Bien au contraire, le langage se situe au carrefour d'une multiplicitĂ© de positionnements humains qui le constituent, le dĂ©multiplient, le font Ă©voluer et se transformer. L'analyse des situations africaines, Ă  travers les pratiques et les discours sur les pratiques, nous amĂšne Ă  concevoir les «langues» dans leur constitution plurielle et mouvant..
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